TogetherWORKS End of Project Report
- Bethan Warrington
- Apr 9
- 18 min read
Project Goals
TogetherWORKS is a collaborative project between GAVO and Monmouthshire County Council (MCC) which is funded by the UK Shared Prosperity Fund (UKSPF). It aims to improve the wellbeing of residents in Caldicot by providing provision that is tailored to the needs of the community. TogetherWORKS offers access to its space for community groups and activities, carpentry, outdoor meetings and access to community support and information.

TogetherWORKS encourages people to seek early intervention to avoid issues escalating and preventing individuals from falling into crisis. The space identifies local wellbeing needs and promotes resilience by encouraging people to put on activities and groups which will support the community to meet these needs. This innovation and 'can do' culture encourages active citizenship and creates an environment which is community-led, for the community.
Project Objectives
To ensure TogetherWORKS was successful, the project was given the following targets by UKSPF to meet:
Output/Outcome | Objective | Target | Achieved |
---|---|---|---|
Output | Number of Events or Activities Supported | 50 | 65 |
Output | Number of volunteering opportunities supported | 45 | 68 |
Output | Number of people reached | 2,000 | 4,049 |
Outcome | Number of community-led arts, cultural, heritage and creative programmes as a result of support | 60 | 56 |
Outcome | Number of volunteering opportunities created as a result of support | 45 | 68 |
As you can see in the table, the team at TogetherWORKS have gone above and beyond to not only achieve the set targets, but surpass them. GAVO are incredibly proud of our staff Isla, Liz and Paul for their hard work and dedication and without this, it simply would not have happened.
Positive Outcomes
Behind the numbers above, there are real people attending groups and activities, using our services and volunteering with real stories. There are so many groups, events and activities which TogetherWORKS has hosted over the previous two years, but we'd like to highlight some of our favourites:
Comp Coffee

Every Wednesday students from the Nurcombe Centre in Caldicot Comprehensive School run a community cafe from 9:00 - 10:00am. Supported by their teachers and the TogetherWORKS staff and volunteers, the students have learned how to greet visitors, take orders, make hot drinks and serve customers in a work setting.
The students dedication to serving their community caught the eye of Her Honour Helen Mifflin, DL The High Sherriff of Gwent who selected the hard workers for her 'High Sherriff Award' which is dedicated to extraordinary people who do extraordinary things.
"This initiative has given them valuable work experience, boosted their confidence, and created a welcoming space that brings the community together."

The High Sherriff's visit was a wonderful event. TogetherWORKS invited the students and their teachers to accept the award and the group were able to do so in front of their beloved parents and carers. The pupils were thrilled to be part of this prestigious event and their families were incredibly proud.

Blokes' Breakfast

Blokes' Breakfast was formed after the TogetherWORKS team noticed that the majority of visitors to the space were female.
In order to reach another demographic, they called their lovely volunteer Jane to action to make breakfast sandwiches using meat from the local butchers, Clarks. From that moment, sizzling sausage and bacon sandwiches and hot mugs of tea and coffee were on the menu every Thursday morning.



It is widely recognised that it can be more challenging to engage men in community activities, but the team have been so pleased with the engagement and feedback they have received from the men who attend.
Blokes' Breakfast has become a Thursday morning staple for many of the local men in Caldicot and the session provides the opportunity to connect with other like-minded people.
River Festival

In May 2024 TogetherWORKS hosted the Wye Valley River Festival in their beautiful outdoor space, the community garden. The theme for this free event was "The Earth Beneath Our Feet" and was packed with activities to enjoy. The Rumblers joined to present their show Ear To Ground, a family show full of song, dance and playful exploration. Visitors joined them on a journey where The Rumblers navigated obstacles as they voyaged underground and discovered unexpected treasures!

The Community Garden was recently revived by our wonderful volunteers who have spent countless hours using their expertise to create a welcoming and vibrant outdoor space that the community can enjoy. The garden was jam packed with the local community who came together to watch the performance, spend time in the garden and dig into the Allotment Vegetable Chilli and Nachos which was served up for free.

LEGO Club

A student was doing her Duke of Edinburgh Award and popped into TogetherWORKS to see if she could complete her hours here.
Isla and Liz asked her what she enjoyed doing and she explained that one of her hobbies is LEGO. Together they started a LEGO club for children to come along to.

It has turned into a staple club during the various school holidays and the children love rummaging through the MANY pieces of LEGO to find the perfect additions for their creations. The children are given the freedom to use their imagination to create whatever they feel and get the chance to spend time with others who are a similar age.
Queerspace does PRIDE!

From the outset TogetherWORKS has been an inclusive space which welcomes and celebrates everyone. It became clear that there were very few places the LGBTQIA+ community can safely meet and so, a transgender and gender non-conforming support group named Queerspace was formed.
Quickly, more and more gender non-conforming people came to the group, shared their experiences and talked about topical issues.

The group also took part in a number of fun activities such as drag makeup lessons and hosting a stall at Abergavenny Pride.
Hosting this stall kickstarted the idea of having our very own Pride event here at TogetherWORKS. Planning swiftly began and after countless hours of planning, meeting, emailing, and organising with the support of GAVO staff, the first ever Caldicot Pride was held on August 10th 2024!
The event consisted of a march around the local town, food and drink stalls, craft stations, games and of course lots of singing and dancing along with the fabulous live performers.
Caldicot Pride was a massive success and TogetherWORKS and Queerspace were delighted to welcome people from all walks of life to celebrate the LGBTQIA+ community during this heartwarming, fun-filled and spectacular event.
Case Study 1
Background:
R and S came to TogetherWORKS independently, both seeking relief from the isolation they experienced living alone. S, a divorcee, and R, a widow, were both retired and longing for companionship. They first crossed paths at the Knit and Natter group on a Wednesday morning. Although they didn’t connect immediately, their shared appreciation for the “welcoming environment at TogetherWORKS” (their own words) set the stage for something special.
Building a Connection:
As they became more comfortable at TogetherWORKS, R and S decided to attend Rachel’s Recycle Art Club on Thursday afternoons. The relaxed and friendly atmosphere of the group gave them the opportunity to chat more and form a bond. Their growing connection motivated them to explore other activities at TogetherWORKS, and they soon began attending the Mindfulness Colouring sessions together on Fridays.
When Chair Yoga sessions launched, S encouraged R to join her. They both found joy in the relaxation and camaraderie of the yoga group, led by volunteer Rubi. As the yoga sessions grew in popularity, participants began staying afterward for tea and conversation. These moments became a key part of R and S’s week, providing an even deeper sense of connection and belonging.
A Blossoming Friendship:
Over time, R and S’s friendship grew stronger. During one of their post-yoga tea chats, they discussed the challenges of booking holidays as solo travelers. Their newfound trust and companionship led them to book a coach trip to Bournemouth together in June. The trip was such a success that they planned another adventure—a “Turkey and Tinsel” break to Llandudno in November that year.
S shared her gratitude for their friendship, describing R as a “good buddy.” S regards herself as the more outgoing of the pair, humorously calling herself the "Chatterbox," but noted that R enjoys her lively nature. She also observed that R has begun to “come out of herself,” engaging more with others and sharing laughter during the Mindfulness sessions.
Key Outcomes:
Alleviation of Loneliness: Through regular attendance at TogetherWORKS activities, R and S found companionship and a safe space to connect with others.
Personal Growth: R gained confidence and started embracing a more social and light-hearted approach to life.
Shared Experiences: Their friendship encouraged them to take holidays together, breaking the barriers of traveling alone.
Community Building: Both found joy and relaxation in the TogetherWORKS environment, fostering a sense of belonging.
Conclusion:
R and S’s journey at TogetherWORKS showcases the transformative power of community engagement. From their first meeting at Knit and Natter to their shared adventures, TogetherWORKS has been instrumental in helping them build a meaningful friendship, overcome loneliness, and rediscover joy in life’s shared moments. Their story illustrates the essential role of inclusive, supportive spaces in improving well-being and creating lasting connections.

Case Study 2
Background:
TogetherWORKS has always been committed to fostering a cleaner, more welcoming community while addressing the needs of its members. When several individuals from the local area approached TogetherWORKS with an interest in litter picking to keep their hometown clean, we saw an opportunity to create something meaningful. Their enthusiasm highlighted not only a desire to improve their environment but also a chance to build stronger connections within the community.
The Litter Picking Station Initiative:
To support this community-driven idea, TogetherWORKS applied for funding from MHA to create litter-picking stations. Our skilled Wood Technician, Paul, took on the challenge and crafted the first station in-house. By designing and building it ourselves, the station was completed at a fraction of the cost of purchasing a pre-made one, proving that resourcefulness can stretch funding while delivering high-quality results.
The initial success has inspired plans to create TogetherWORKS additional litter-picking stations for other organisations. Beyond providing access to tools for community members, this initiative also opens doors for skill-sharing opportunities. Volunteers interested in woodworking can learn alongside Paul as more stations are constructed, gaining hands-on experience and valuable new skills.
Benefits of Litter Picking Stations:
The litter-picking stations provide numerous benefits:
Cleaner Environment: They encourage community members to take an active role in keeping public spaces tidy, improving the town’s appearance and environmental health.
Skill Development: As volunteers participate in building the stations, they gain practical skills in woodworking, fostering personal growth and confidence.
Cost Efficiency: Creating stations locally reduces costs, making the initiative more sustainable.
Community Engagement: The stations serve as a physical reminder of collective effort and pride in shared spaces.
Expanding the Initiative - Walk and Talks:
Recognising the potential to address multiple community needs simultaneously, TogetherWORKS is planning to expand the project to include “Walk and Talks.” These sessions will combine litter picking with opportunities for connection and conversation, helping tackle loneliness while promoting physical activity. By pairing the benefits of environmental stewardship with social interaction, this initiative is designed to support both mental and physical well-being.
Key Outcomes:
Environmental Impact: Community members are empowered to actively contribute to maintaining a clean and welcoming town.
Social Connection: The project creates opportunities for shared activities, reducing loneliness and fostering friendships.
Skill Building: Volunteers participating in station construction learn new, transferable skills.
Health Benefits: Litter picking and walking promote physical activity, while the social aspect boosts mental health.
Sustainability: By building the stations in-house, TogetherWORKS ensures that the project remains cost-effective and replicable.
Conclusion:
The litter-picking station initiative is a testament to the power of collaboration and innovation. What began as a community interest has blossomed into a multi-faceted project that tackles environmental issues, fosters skill development, and addresses social isolation. As TogetherWORKS continues to build more stations and launch the Walk and Talks, we look forward to seeing the positive ripple effects this project will have on both individuals and the wider community. Together, we’re creating a cleaner, stronger, and more connected community.

Case Study 3
Background:
JS, a retired individual, found herself struggling to find purpose and direction after early retirement. Having attended various clubs and classes at TogetherWORKS, JS’s mother heard about the Maker’s Space woodworking courses focused on creating rustic mirrors and encouraged her daughter to give it a try. This decision marked the beginning of a profound transformation for JS, one that would lead her to discover a new passion and sense of purpose.
Joining the Woodworking Course:
Upon signing up for the first woodworking course in the Maker’s Space, JS met Paul Wooldridge, the TogetherWORKS woodwork technician and became immediately inspired. The hands-on nature of the work and the satisfaction of crafting something tangible sparked a deep interest in woodworking. As JS worked through the course, she realised her passion for the craft and the sense of fulfilment it brought. With guidance and encouragement from Paul, she began to explore the idea of taking this newfound passion further.
Becoming Part of the TogetherWORKS Community:
Paul, recognising JS’s enthusiasm and skill, suggested that she volunteer at TogetherWORKS and assist him in the workspace. This opportunity allowed JS to further hone her woodworking skills while also becoming part of the supportive TogetherWORKS volunteer community. As she volunteered, JS found not only a creative outlet but also a renewed sense of belonging and purpose. She began to form new friendships with fellow volunteers and participants, enriching her life socially and emotionally.
Building Her Own Workshop:
Inspired by her experience at TogetherWORKS, JS decided to build a workshop in her garden. This allowed her to continue exploring woodworking on her own, making personal projects and expanding her skills further. The possibility of generating income from selling her woodwork became a realistic goal, empowering JS to think about ways she could turn her passion into a sustainable venture. This independent work marked a significant turning point, as JS felt empowered to take control of her future and pursue her interests with enthusiasm.
Continued Growth and Volunteering:
JS’s involvement at TogetherWORKS didn’t stop with her personal workshop. She continues to volunteer alongside Paul in the Maker’s Space, supporting others who share her interest in woodworking. As the new Men’s Shed at TogetherWORKS nears completion, JS looks forward to contributing even more, helping to run woodworking classes and workshops for others, and supporting the growth of the woodworking community in Caldicot. Her ongoing commitment to learning, teaching, and supporting others further solidifies the positive direction her life has taken and she continues to be an inspiration to everyone here at TogetherWORKS.
Key Outcomes:
Discovery of Passion: JS discovered a deep love for woodworking, an interest she had never explored before.
New Purpose: Through volunteering and personal projects, JS found a sense of purpose and direction in her life after retirement.
Community and Friendship: JS became an integral part of the TogetherWORKS community, making new friends and becoming a valued volunteer.
Personal Growth: Building her own workshop enabled JS to gain independence and further develop her skills.
Future Prospects: JS is now exploring the possibility of turning woodworking into a source of income, further increasing her sense of empowerment.
Conclusion:
JS’s journey at TogetherWORKS has been nothing short of transformative. The woodworking course and subsequent volunteer opportunities not only sparked a new passion but also gave JS the tools to rebuild her sense of purpose, community, and independence. As she continues to grow, both personally and professionally, JS’s story exemplifies how TogetherWORKS can profoundly impact an individual’s life, providing the support, guidance, and opportunities necessary for personal growth and fulfilment.
Ministerial Visit:
The success of TogetherWORKS and the Makers Space caught the eye of Minister Catherine Fooks who came to visit and made wings for a Christmas angel to take home. Find out what our minister thought of her visit:
Case Study 4
Introduction:
Loneliness, particularly during festive seasons, can be an isolating and painful experience. Many individuals find it difficult to express their loneliness, often seeking opportunities to stay productive instead. In 2023, we at TW were approached multiple times by individuals who would be alone on Christmas Day, asking if we would be open and expressing their willingness to volunteer. Recognising the need for a community-centered solution, we listened to the public and worked together to bring their ideas and needs to fruition. From this spark of interest in 2023, we successfully organised a Christmas Day lunch in 2024, turning a potentially lonely occasion into a heart-warming experience of togetherness.
Bringing the Community Together:
The event was spearheaded by two TW volunteers who took the responsibility of arranging the Christmas Day lunch. Through the generosity of MHA, we received a donation of £350, which allowed us to create a welcoming and festive gathering. Invitations were sent to various partners, community members, and groups associated with TW. Promotion through social media helped spread the word further.
On the day, 16 guests attended, each of whom had a unique story and reason for being there. Among them were a woman who had lost her husband to cancer just four days prior, a young mother spending her first Christmas without her child due to custody arrangements, several widowers, and two gentlemen in their 90s. Some of our own volunteers, who otherwise would have been alone, also joined. By making sure everyone had a role to play—whether shopping, cooking, setting up, or serving—we ensured that all attendees felt included as volunteers rather than as recipients of charity. This approach fostered a sense of belonging and purpose among all present.
Our craft group contributed by creating beautiful table decorations, while the knit and natter group made handmade Christmas presents for guests to take home. These small but meaningful gestures reinforced the spirit of generosity and care within the community.
A Moment of Cultural Harmony:
One of the highlights of the day was the presence of a Muslim volunteer who had never previously participated in a Christmas Day lunch. She contributed by helping prepare the vegetables on Christmas Eve, and a vegetarian meal was specially prepared for her. Sitting down together with the other guests, she shared in the joy of the occasion, demonstrating how community spirit transcends cultural and religious boundaries. Her participation was not only meaningful but also symbolic of inclusivity and shared humanity.
Extending the Spirit to Eid:
Inspired by the success of the Christmas lunch, we are now organising an Eid celebration led by the same volunteer. Eid al-Fitr, marking the end of Ramadan, is a festival of gratitude and togetherness. We plan to invite all who attended the Christmas lunch, along with the broader community, fostering further connections and reinforcing our commitment to inclusivity.
Conclusion:
This experience underscored the power of community in reducing loneliness and bringing people together. By creating a space where everyone felt valued and included, we turned what could have been a difficult day for many into one filled with warmth, companionship, and shared joy. The upcoming Eid celebration will further strengthen these connections, demonstrating that when a community comes together, no one needs to feel alone.
Case Study 5
Introduction:
TogetherWORKS identified a need for a dedicated women’s group after hearing repeated concerns from local women about issues related to period poverty, menstruation, and menopause, along with the broader challenges these life stages bring. Thanks to available funding, TogetherWORKS was able to establish the Women’s Wisdom group, a safe and supportive space where women could openly discuss these topics while also engaging in creative expression.
Creating a Safe and Creative Space:
Understanding that many women needed not only support but also an outlet for self-expression, we sought a way to combine both elements in a meaningful way. Claire Williamson, a highly regarded poet and creative facilitator, was brought in to lead four initial workshops. These sessions focused on poetry, creative writing, and collage, allowing participants to explore their thoughts and feelings through artistic means.
Each participant was provided with journals and creative resources to encourage personal expression and reflection. The workshops were structured to provide a balance of guided activities and open discussion, fostering an environment where women could share deeply personal experiences with confidence and trust.
The Impact of the Workshops:
A diverse group of eight women, spanning different ages, backgrounds, and life experiences, took part in the sessions. Under Claire’s expert guidance, the group quickly developed a strong sense of trust and camaraderie. The women felt safe and empowered to share personal stories, support each other emotionally, and explore their creativity through writing and art.
For many, this was their first experience of being in a space where they could openly discuss subjects that are often stigmatised or overlooked. The workshops proved to be not only cathartic but also transformative, providing emotional relief, inspiration, and connection.
A Group That Continues to Thrive:
At the final session, the participants expressed sadness that the workshops were ending. They approached TogetherWORKS to ask if they could continue meeting, as the support and trust they had built were invaluable to them.
While funding for Claire’s facilitation had come to an end, TogetherWORKS recognised the importance of sustaining this vital community space. We agreed to provide a venue for the group to meet weekly, allowing them to continue their journey of creative expression and mutual support.
A Lasting Community Initiative:
The Women’s Wisdom group is now entirely self-led, meeting every week to share poetry, journal, collage, and engage in meaningful discussions. The group has become a cornerstone of emotional and creative support for its members, demonstrating the power of community-led initiatives.
What began as a short-term project has evolved into a lasting and impactful support network, highlighting TogetherWORKS' commitment to listening to community needs and facilitating sustainable solutions. By providing a platform and initial support, we have helped create a space where women continue to empower one another, long after the initial funding has ended.
Conclusion:
The Women’s Wisdom group exemplifies the strength of community-driven support systems. TogetherWORKS recognised a need, provided the initial resources, and enabled the group to flourish independently. This case study highlights the profound impact that safe spaces, creative expression, and shared experiences can have on individuals, proving that when given the opportunity and encouragement, people will come together to support one another in meaningful and lasting ways.
Case Study 6
Introduction:
Quest Busters (QB), based at the Bridges Centre in Monmouth, approached TogetherWORKS to host a full day of creative activities for the children and families they support during the Spring Half Term. The goal of the event was to provide an inclusive, fun-filled day of hands-on activities for children aged 6-17 with additional needs, as well as their families. QB’s focus was on offering experiences where participants would feel valued and supported, enhancing both the children's creative skills and family bonds.
The activity day also contributed to the children’s Arts Award qualifications, encouraging their creativity in a supportive and engaging environment. The TogetherWORKS team worked closely with QB to tailor the activities to the needs and interests of the children, with a particular focus on woodworking and printing – two areas requested by the children during prior consultations.
Objectives:
Provide an inclusive and creative experience for children with additional needs and their families.
Support children’s learning and creativity through woodworking and printing activities.
Offer an opportunity for families to bond while benefiting from respite and social opportunities.
Assist children in working towards their Arts Award qualifications.
Activities Overview:
A total of 14 children, along with their siblings and parents, participated in the day’s activities. The session was carefully structured, with a morning woodworking activity and an afternoon printing session. All activities were designed to be accessible to children with varying abilities, with adjustments made to ensure every child could participate meaningfully.
Morning Session: Woodworking Activity
The day began with a woodworking session where Paul, the TogetherWORKS Woodwork Technician, and Jackie, the Woodwork Volunteer, guided the children in creating their own bird boxes. The session was designed to teach the children basic woodworking skills, with an emphasis on safety and teamwork. Each child was taught how to hammer nails properly and assemble wooden pieces to form a bird box. TogetherWORKS provided all the necessary tools, safety equipment (including goggles), and materials, ensuring the children could engage safely and confidently in the activity.
Through the session, the children gained valuable skills such as coordination, focus, and patience. At the end of the morning, each child had successfully assembled their own bird box, which they later took home as a meaningful memento of their creativity and newfound skills.
Lunch Break: Social Time
After the morning activity, the families gathered for a sociable lunch. This time allowed participants to relax, share their experiences from the morning, and enjoy each other's company. It also provided a valuable opportunity for parents and carers to socialise, network, and experience the positive impact of TogetherWORKS' inclusive environment.
Afternoon Session: Printing Activity:
The afternoon session focused on printing techniques, where children explored Lino and foam printing methods. To ensure accessibility, visual resources were provided to inspire creativity, and children were encouraged to design artwork based on the theme of "Nature."
The printing activity was structured in such a way that children of varying abilities could engage. Some children used foam or pre-prepared stamps as a starting point, while others, with support from their parents and staff, attempted Lino cutting. TogetherWORKS provided all the materials, including bench hooks and safety goggles. After learning how to apply printing ink to their plates, the children practiced on paper before transferring their designs onto their bird boxes.
This activity allowed the children to experiment with different techniques, boosting their creative expression and developing their understanding of printmaking. The children left with their own printed bird boxes, each with a unique design that represented their creative efforts.
Outcomes and Successes:
The Quest Busters Activity Day was deemed a great success by both the families and the QB team. Some of the key outcomes and feedback from the event included:
Skill Development: The children gained hands-on experience in woodworking and printing, acquiring practical skills while expressing their creativity.
Inclusion: The event catered to the varying abilities of the children, ensuring that everyone could participate in a meaningful way. Adjustments were made where necessary, such as using foam stamps or providing additional support for Lino cutting.
Family Engagement: Families had the opportunity to engage with each other, share experiences, and create memories. The activity also provided a welcome respite for carers, who were able to relax and socialise.
Arts Award Progress: The activities helped the children progress toward their Arts Award qualifications, marking a significant achievement in their creative development.
Positive Feedback: The Quest Busters team praised the skills and dedication of the TogetherWORKS staff and volunteers, as well as the quality of the space and facilities, including the accessible kitchen and toilets. The event exceeded their expectations in terms of both the support provided and the impact it had on the children and families.
Conclusion:
The Quest Busters Activity Day at TogetherWORKS successfully met its objectives, providing a rich and inclusive experience for the children and families involved. Through woodworking and printing activities, the children not only developed new skills but also had fun in a supportive, non-judgmental environment. The collaboration between TogetherWORKS and Quest Busters highlighted the importance of community engagement, creativity, and accessibility, ensuring that all participants left with lasting memories and new achievements to be proud of.
Lessons Learned
Whilst TogetherWORKS has been a huge success, the end of the 2024 financial year came with some funding challenges that resulted in the potential closure of the project. Fortunately, after discussions with our partners, we were able to secure funding for a further 12 months. Half of this funding was provided by the UK Shared Prosperity Fund while the remaining £46,000 was funded by local environmental charity, South East Wales Energy Agency and will pay for one full time post and two part time posts.
These recent events have reminded us that funding is not always guaranteed. It is important to utilise the next 12 months to assist TogetherWORKS to transition to a more self-sustaining business model for the future to help prevent further uncertainty about the security of this impactful project.
Staff Spotlight!
Without our wonderful team, TogetherWORKS would not be what it is today. Isla, Liz and Paul have developed an environment loved by the Community of Caldicot where visitors feel they belong. Here is a little snippet of who they are, their roles and what makes them so special:



What does the future look like for TogetherWORKS?
Although funding is thankfully secured for the next 12 months, our proactive team are already taking action to address our recent sustainability concerns by:
Advertising to recruit trustees with specialist skills
Supporting Friends of TogetherWORKS to be able to apply for small grants and activities budgets
Creating a charging policy for groups to rent the space on evenings and weekends
Collating ideas for events and activities to utilise the outdoor space effectively
Making plans to create more opportunities for the Makers Space to generate an income
Whilst working towards a more sustainable model, Isla, Liz and Paul will continue to provide a welcoming and safe space for everyone who walks through its doors. Whether coming in for cuppa, to take part in an activity or to seek advice and support, TogetherWORKS will continue to be described as:
Author:
Bethan Crowley, Monmouthshire Regional Strategic Lead